{"id":4442,"date":"2018-01-30T16:22:18","date_gmt":"2018-01-30T16:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vertice.org\/blog\/?p=4442"},"modified":"2018-02-07T08:01:13","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:01:13","slug":"deep-learning-aprenden-los-chatbots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/grupovertice.com\/blog\/deep-learning-aprenden-los-chatbots\/","title":{"rendered":"Deep Learning:  \u00bfC\u00f3mo aprenden los chatbots?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Diego S\u00e1nchez\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Director de V\u00e9rtice e-Learning\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>En el post <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vertice.org\/blog\/e-learning-chatbots-ante-nuevo-desafio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8216;e-Learning y chatbots: ante un nuevo desaf\u00edo&#8217;<\/a> abordamos la importancia de esta tecnolog\u00eda aplicada al universo <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.verticelearning.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">e-Learning<\/a>.<\/strong> Una herramienta basada en la <strong>inteligencia artificial<\/strong> que permite mejorar la experiencia formativa de los usuarios. Softwares aut\u00f3nomos capaces de interactuar como si de personas reales se tratasen. Sin embargo, \u00a0\u00bfc\u00f3mo es el proceso formativo de estos compa\u00f1eros virtuales? La respuesta la encontramos en el <strong>&#8216;deep learning&#8217;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vertice.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/deep-learning.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4443\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vertice.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/deep-learning.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grupovertice.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/deep-learning.jpg 800w, https:\/\/grupovertice.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/deep-learning-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grupovertice.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/deep-learning-768x441.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>El \u00a0concepto de &#8216;deep learning&#8217; se hizo visible por primera vez, en la d\u00e9cada de los 80&#8217;s, \u00a0de la mano del investigador ingl\u00e9s <strong>Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong> con su algoritmo <strong>Backpropagation<\/strong> (retro-propagaci\u00f3n). Con este hallazgo se consigui\u00f3 que la inteligencia artificial de los ordenadores\u00a0 de la \u00e9poca aprendiesen a detectar errores y mejorarlos.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, no fue hasta finales de los 90&#8217;s cuando Hinton potenciase esta innovaci\u00f3n con su nuevo algoritmo <strong>&#8216;Expectation- Maximization<\/strong>&#8216; con el que las m\u00e1quinas desarrollaron nuevas funcionalidades como el procesamiento del lenguaje natural o el reconocimiento de voz.<\/p>\n<p>Y tras este breve apunte hist\u00f3rico, podemos definir el &#8216;deep learning&#8217; como el uso de algoritmos para crear representaciones abstractas de informaci\u00f3n facilitando as\u00ed el aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico (machine learning). Se trata de <strong>una red de neuronas artificiales<\/strong> capaces de emular al sistema nervioso humano.<\/p>\n<p>El &#8216;deep learning&#8217; se centra en intentar comprender los datos a diferencia del &#8216;machine learning&#8217; cuyo principal objetico es conseguir un aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico. Es decir, el primero intentar\u00eda <strong>comprender lo que estudia<\/strong> y al segundo s\u00f3lo le interesar\u00eda aprender de memoria.\u00a0 Por ello, los chatbots se est\u00e1n postulando como verdaderos compa\u00f1eros virtuales capaces de \u00absentir\u00bb y procesar la informaci\u00f3n para adelantarse a las necesidades de los usuarios.<\/p>\n<p>Podr\u00edamos decir que los chatbots aprenden a partir de dos m\u00e9todos autom\u00e1ticos:<\/p>\n<p>1- <strong>Aprendizaje No-supervisado<\/strong>. Se trata de ejercitar al sistema a trav\u00e9s de un n\u00famero infinito de ejemplos sin especificar lo que debe buscar. Se basa de las observaciones ya que a priori el sistema no tiene un conocimiento previo. Este tipo de aprendizaje suele abordar problemas relacionados con la familiaridad, el an\u00e1lisis de componentes o agrupamientos. Distinguimos:<\/p>\n<p>2-<strong>Aprendizaje Supervisado. <\/strong>El proceso de aprendizaje se realiza mediante un entrenamiento controlado por un agente externo (gu\u00eda o formador) que ser\u00e1 el que determine la respuesta exacta que deber\u00eda generar el sistema a trav\u00e9s de la entrada de datos. \u00a0Dentro de este tipo de aprendizaje destacan tres v\u00edas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Aprendizaje por correcci\u00f3n de error<\/u>: minimiza el error entre la entrada y la salida de informaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li><u>Aprendizaje por refuerzo:<\/u> determina las acciones que debe escoger el sistema en un entorno predeterminado con el objetivo de maximizar alguna noci\u00f3n de recompensa acumulada.<\/li>\n<li><u>Aprendizaje Estoc\u00e1stico:<\/u> realiza cambios aleatorios en los valores de los pesos y eval\u00faa el efecto a partir de los objetivos planteados con anterioridad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tras este entrenamiento, nuestros compa\u00f1eros virtuales son capaces de entender el lenguaje humano; emular una verdadera conversaci\u00f3n; <strong>atender dudas<\/strong>; realizar b\u00fasquedas espec\u00edficas y obtener resultados exactos, entre otras funcionalidades. Y si esto lo aplicamos al campo del e-Learning estamos ante una verdadera revoluci\u00f3n en cuanto al dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de los itinerarios formativos en el proceso de aprendizaje de los usuarios.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfConfiar\u00edas en los chatbots como compa\u00f1eros virtuales? Si quieres ampliar informaci\u00f3n, te recomiendo que consultes estos art\u00edculos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vertice.org\/blog\/8-tendencias-claves-para-implementar-una-estrategia-e-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8 Claves para implementar una estrategia e-Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vertice.org\/blog\/la-importancia-del-diseno-instruccional-e-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La importancia del dise\u00f1o instruccional en e-Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diego S\u00e1nchez\u00a0 Director de V\u00e9rtice e-Learning\u00a0 En el post &#8216;e-Learning y chatbots: ante un nuevo desaf\u00edo&#8217; abordamos la importancia de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[221,4],"tags":[296,307,203,308,209],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Deep Learning: \u00bfC\u00f3mo aprenden los chatbots? 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